Alternations in Physiological and Phytochemical Parameters of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Varieties in Response to Amino Acid Fertilizer and Plasma Activated-Water Treatments

Plasma-activated water (PAW) is an emerging and promising green technology in agriculture recent years. This study aimed to examine the influence of spraying PAW amino acid fertilizer concentrations on German chamomile varieties’ physiological, biochemical, phytochemical characteristics under field conditions. Method: The experiment was performed during 2020–2021 as a factorial using randomized complete block design with three replications arid semi-arid region east Persian Gulf. factors contained five levels (0 (control), 1, 2, 3 mL L−1 PAW) cultivars Bona, Bodegold, Lianka). Physiological, traits such plant height, fresh dried flower weight, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, CHN elements: N ratio, total protein, profile, essential oil yield, apigenin content, major secondary metabolites were examined. Results: ANOVA indicated that impact cultivar significant all studied parameters. enhanced physiological features, hydrogen, C: main compositions like chamazulene, α-bisabolol, but it had no incremental effect carbon, nitrogen, protein percentage. Conclusion: Findings revealed applying foliar treatments improves parameters